You say Palladium, I say Palladian

A palladian window is a large window divided in three parts: a central sash that is arched at the top and two sashes on each side of it that are smaller than the central sash; the smaller sashes are rectangular, topped with flat lintels.  This style of window is also called a palladium window depending on where you look on the internet.  Needless to say, this window is very common in the D.C. metro area with some of the production home builders like NV homes, Winchester homes, Pulte homes, and Toll Brothers.  The challenge for a bricklayer is how to cross over this style window with a brick arch.  Cast stone commonly is used.

Here is a palladian surround we did for Plus One Masonry @ Pulte homes.  As you can see the lines are clean and the look maintains it's colonial architecture.  There are several examples of historical palladian/colonial buildings in Annapolis Maryland one of which is the Hammond-Harwood House

And a modern example in Baltimore is a multiple building project at Johns Hopkins University for Henry J Knott Masonry.  Here it is 3D google maps.

Getting back to the residential palladian window, here is the design we use for a brick arch.  There are two  tricks to making it look good in my opinion.  First is how the radial arch and the lintel jack arch come to a natural meeting point on each side of the 1/2 round window. Second is to avoid small brick pieces if possible.  You do this by starting with a 7" long radial brick, and by the time you are to the 5th course on the 1/2 round center, the bonded arch meets up with the bonded lintel wing.

My vote is for calling it a palladian window.

Prefabrication: material cost vs. labor cost

    I was trying to come up with a formula for masonry contractors of how to quantify in dollars how utilizing prefabricated brick arches saves money.  Like a profit & loss statement there are fixed numbers and numbers that can manipulated.  We are doing a job right now for LFJ masonry called Watkins MOB in Virginia.  We have prefabricated and delivered 86 brick arches.  Eusebio Cantone of LFJ told me that when they estimated the project they added the price of the arches to the material costs and subtracted estimated production time in hours from their take-off.  He said:

     "The largest benefit is that we can set these and keep going, we don't have to wait! At the end of the day you can figure the total time you took to fabricate the arches (man-hours) and that would be your time savings on the project. Based on crew size and number of arches on the project you could also determine the following, the project saved X number of man-hours to fabricate and set arches therefore saving X number of days on the total project and that is where equipment savings comes in as well."

I figured we used 8 diamond blades, cut over 8000 brick, purchased, cut and bent 3500 feet of #4 epoxy coated rebar, 20 boxes of wall ties, and purchased and mixed 800 bags of cement/grout.  We also dedicated 2 employees to work on this project for 100 days each.  This does not take into account utilities, fuel, transportation, and maintenance.  Other costs that are sometimes overlooked by contractors that are reduced by installing prefabricated arches are rental equipment, employee insurance and liability.

So here is the math that gives you more profit:

$ INCOME

- $ ARCHWAY SYSTEM PREFAB

= X

+ $ SAVED IN LABOR HOURS 

+ PRODUCTIVITY ( $ FROM DAYS ON SITE)

+ MATERIAL NOT PURCHASED (REBAR, CEMENT, WALL TIES, ETC.)

+ EMPLOYEE LIABILITY

+ EFFICIENCY (ON TIME DELIVERY, START THE NEXT JOB SOONER)

+ RENTAL COSTS AND MAINTENANCE FEES SAVED

= MORE $$$$$$$$$$$

The hardest thing to put into the equation is efficiency...lets say LFJ masonry finished this project 20 work days ahead of schedule, how do we add a dollar amount to the equation.  In reality that same masonry crew can complete more jobs in a given year, therefore increasing revenue.  I think efficiency would be a % that carries over to the revenue for the year on the profit/loss statement.  

Thanks Seb.  When I take some pictures of the finished buildings I will be sure to post them.  

Making Cast Stone

We are making buff color cast stone pier caps for a custom home in Anne Arundel County.  There are ten foot tall "L" shape stone piers with radial cast stone arches connecting them for a front porch.  We are making the radial arches as well as the pier caps.






Julio Ibarra and Nick Holland are the two craftsmen in our cast stone shop working on this project.  We make the cast stone upside down in a birch mold box.  We then flip it out and take the mold box apart.  Then Nick can reassemble the mold box and make the same shape over and over.



We start with 4 parts sand, 1 part portland cement, 1 part proprietary mix, and 1 part water. The cast stone must cure with humidity and a constant temperature. After 7 days the stone is 95% cured and ready to install. 
Here is a shop drawing of the radial arch with soffit.

Painted Brick?

We are supplying prefabricated brick jack arches to an Eya townhouse project near the navy yard in the up-and-coming part of Washington D.C. near Nationals park. The masonry contractor is Keller Construction. The townhouses are 100% sold even though the buyers can't move in until 2012!

http://www.eya.com/capitol_quarter

The candy colors are painted on after the final masonry wash down by a painting company. There is something about painting a new brick house that bugs me. Is this a new trend or are they going for some Washington D.C. historical charm? I have no idea how the paint effects the natural moisture barrier brick provides. One of the advantages of masonry is it allows the building to breathe and moisture can escape. The paint may lock moisture in the air cavity causing mold and acctually suffocate the building.

Plus it looks like Martha's Vineyard, a little too cute for my taste.

Post Tension Brick Jack Arch

We are currently prefabricating 8 foot long brick jack arches for a project in Philadelphia that have no angle iron support under the brickwork. Oh the joys of design-build. Actually it has given us the chance to try a system that Ray Wethington invented, of using post tension #4 epoxy coated rebar through he length of the arch.

Post-tensioned is the descriptive term for a method of applying compression after pouring concrete and the curing process. 99% of the brick jack arches we prefabricate are set on steel angle irons, and it is the steel that carries the load of the weight above the masonry opening. We do make structural jack arches but code usually dictates steel reinforcement unless a historical variance is given.

For this job we are drilling a 1" hole into the brick before we prefab the arch. Then we are inserting the rebar that has a hook on one end and threaded on the other end. We then tighten a nut on the rebar threaded end giving the brick jack arch post tension strength. The dramatic effect is 8 foot straight spans with brick and joints visible from below.